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content/blog/2024/04/21/journey-to-k3s-basic-cluster-backups/index.md

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+title = "Journey to K3s: Basic Cluster Backups"
+date = 2024-04-21
+tags = ["k3s", "backups", "homelab"]
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+
+There a time to deploy new services to the cluster, and there is a time to backup the cluster. Before I start depending more and more of the services I want to self-host it's time to start thinking about backups and disaster recovery. My previous server have been running with a simple premise: if it breaks, I can rebuild it.
+
+I'm going to try and keep that same simple approach here, theoretically if something bad happens I should be able to rebuild the cluster from scratch by backing up cluster snapshots and the data stored in the persistent volumes.
+
+![Longhorn screenshot displaying ongoing backups](longhorn-backups.jpg?width=640&quality=100#center)
+
+<!--more-->
+
+## Cluster resources
+
+In my case I store all resources I create in a git repository (namespaces, helm charts, configuration for the charts, etc) so I can recreate them easily if needed. This is a good practice to have in place, but it's also a good idea to have a backup of the resources in the cluster to avoid problems when the cluster tries to regenerate the state from the same resources.
+
+## Set up the NFS share
+
+> In my case the required packages to mount NFS shares were already installed in the system, your experience may vary depending on the distribution you are using.
+
+First I had to create the folder where the NFS share will be mounted:
+
+```bash
+mkdir -p /mnt/k3s-01
+```
+
+Mount the NFS share
+
+```bash
+sudo mount nfs-server.home.arpa:/shares/k3s-01 /mnt/k3s-01
+```
+
+Check if the NFS share is mounted correctly by listing the contents of the folder, creating a file and checking the available disk space:
+
+```bash
+$ ls /mnt/k3s-01
+k3s-master-01
+
+$ df -h
+Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
+...
+nfs-server.home.arpa:/shares/k3s-01  1.8T  1.1T  682G  62% /mnt/k3s-01
+...
+
+$ touch /mnt/k3s-01/k3s-master-01/test.txt
+$ ls /mnt/k3s-01/k3s-master-01
+test.txt
+```
+
+With this I have the NFS share mounted and ready to be used by the cluster and I can start storing the backups there.
+
+## The cluster snapshots
+
+Thankfully for this k3s [provides a very straightforward method to create snapshots by either using the `k3s etcd-snapshot` command](https://docs.k3s.io/datastore/backup-restore) to create them manually or by setting up a cron job to create them automatically. The cron job is set up by default, so I only had to adjust the schedule and retention to my liking and set up a proper backup location: the NFS share.
+
+Adjusting the `etcd-snapshot-dir` in the k3s configuration file to point to the new location, long with the retention and other options:
+
+```yaml
+# /etc/rancher/k3s/config.yaml
+etcd-snapshot-retention: 15
+etcd-snapshot-dir: /mnt/k3s-01/k3s-master-01/snapshots
+etcd-snapshot-compress: true
+```
+
+After restarting the k3s service the snapshots will be created in the new location and the old ones will be deleted after the retention period.
+
+You can also create a snapshot manually by running the command: `k3s etcd-snapshot save`.
+
+## Longhorn
+
+Very easy too! I just followed the [Longhorn documentation on NFS backup store](https://longhorn.io/docs/1.6.1/snapshots-and-backups/backup-and-restore/set-backup-target/#set-up-smbcifs-backupstore) by going to the Longhorn Web UI and specifying my NFS share as the backup target.
+
+![Longhorn backup setup screenshot](longhorn-backup-config.jpg?width=640#center)
+
+After setting up the backup target I created a backup of the Longhorn volumes and scheduled backups to run every day at 2am with a conservative rentention policy of 3 days.
+
+## Conclusion
+
+Yes, it was **that** easy!
+
+With the backups in place I can now sleep a little better knowing that I can recover from a disaster if needed. The next step is to test the backups and the recovery process to make sure everything is working as expected.
+
+I hope I don't need to use this ever, though. :)