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Jesse Hallam
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build/manifest/vendor/go.uber.org/zap/README.md
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# :zap: zap [![GoDoc][doc-img]][doc] [![Build Status][ci-img]][ci] [![Coverage Status][cov-img]][cov]
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Blazing fast, structured, leveled logging in Go.
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## Installation
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`go get -u go.uber.org/zap`
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Note that zap only supports the two most recent minor versions of Go.
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## Quick Start
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In contexts where performance is nice, but not critical, use the
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`SugaredLogger`. It's 4-10x faster than other structured logging
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packages and includes both structured and `printf`-style APIs.
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```go
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logger, _ := zap.NewProduction()
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defer logger.Sync() // flushes buffer, if any
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sugar := logger.Sugar()
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sugar.Infow("failed to fetch URL",
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// Structured context as loosely typed key-value pairs.
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"url", url,
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"attempt", 3,
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"backoff", time.Second,
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)
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sugar.Infof("Failed to fetch URL: %s", url)
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```
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When performance and type safety are critical, use the `Logger`. It's even
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faster than the `SugaredLogger` and allocates far less, but it only supports
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structured logging.
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```go
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logger, _ := zap.NewProduction()
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defer logger.Sync()
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logger.Info("failed to fetch URL",
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// Structured context as strongly typed Field values.
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zap.String("url", url),
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zap.Int("attempt", 3),
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zap.Duration("backoff", time.Second),
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)
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```
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See the [documentation][doc] and [FAQ](FAQ.md) for more details.
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## Performance
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For applications that log in the hot path, reflection-based serialization and
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string formatting are prohibitively expensive — they're CPU-intensive
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and make many small allocations. Put differently, using `encoding/json` and
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`fmt.Fprintf` to log tons of `interface{}`s makes your application slow.
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Zap takes a different approach. It includes a reflection-free, zero-allocation
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JSON encoder, and the base `Logger` strives to avoid serialization overhead
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and allocations wherever possible. By building the high-level `SugaredLogger`
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on that foundation, zap lets users *choose* when they need to count every
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allocation and when they'd prefer a more familiar, loosely typed API.
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As measured by its own [benchmarking suite][], not only is zap more performant
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than comparable structured logging packages — it's also faster than the
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standard library. Like all benchmarks, take these with a grain of salt.<sup
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id="anchor-versions">[1](#footnote-versions)</sup>
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Log a message and 10 fields:
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| Package | Time | Objects Allocated |
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| :--- | :---: | :---: |
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| :zap: zap | 3131 ns/op | 5 allocs/op |
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| :zap: zap (sugared) | 4173 ns/op | 21 allocs/op |
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| zerolog | 16154 ns/op | 90 allocs/op |
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| lion | 16341 ns/op | 111 allocs/op |
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| go-kit | 17049 ns/op | 126 allocs/op |
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| logrus | 23662 ns/op | 142 allocs/op |
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| log15 | 36351 ns/op | 149 allocs/op |
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| apex/log | 42530 ns/op | 126 allocs/op |
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Log a message with a logger that already has 10 fields of context:
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| Package | Time | Objects Allocated |
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| :--- | :---: | :---: |
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| :zap: zap | 380 ns/op | 0 allocs/op |
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| :zap: zap (sugared) | 564 ns/op | 2 allocs/op |
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| zerolog | 321 ns/op | 0 allocs/op |
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| lion | 7092 ns/op | 39 allocs/op |
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| go-kit | 20226 ns/op | 115 allocs/op |
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| logrus | 22312 ns/op | 130 allocs/op |
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| log15 | 28788 ns/op | 79 allocs/op |
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| apex/log | 42063 ns/op | 115 allocs/op |
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Log a static string, without any context or `printf`-style templating:
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| Package | Time | Objects Allocated |
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| :--- | :---: | :---: |
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| :zap: zap | 361 ns/op | 0 allocs/op |
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| :zap: zap (sugared) | 534 ns/op | 2 allocs/op |
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| zerolog | 323 ns/op | 0 allocs/op |
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| standard library | 575 ns/op | 2 allocs/op |
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| go-kit | 922 ns/op | 13 allocs/op |
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| lion | 1413 ns/op | 10 allocs/op |
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| logrus | 2291 ns/op | 27 allocs/op |
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| apex/log | 3690 ns/op | 11 allocs/op |
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| log15 | 5954 ns/op | 26 allocs/op |
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## Development Status: Stable
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All APIs are finalized, and no breaking changes will be made in the 1.x series
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of releases. Users of semver-aware dependency management systems should pin
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zap to `^1`.
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## Contributing
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We encourage and support an active, healthy community of contributors —
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including you! Details are in the [contribution guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) and
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the [code of conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md). The zap maintainers keep an eye on
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issues and pull requests, but you can also report any negative conduct to
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oss-conduct@uber.com. That email list is a private, safe space; even the zap
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maintainers don't have access, so don't hesitate to hold us to a high
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standard.
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<hr>
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Released under the [MIT License](LICENSE.txt).
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<sup id="footnote-versions">1</sup> In particular, keep in mind that we may be
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benchmarking against slightly older versions of other packages. Versions are
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pinned in zap's [glide.lock][] file. [↩](#anchor-versions)
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[doc-img]: https://godoc.org/go.uber.org/zap?status.svg
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[doc]: https://godoc.org/go.uber.org/zap
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[ci-img]: https://travis-ci.org/uber-go/zap.svg?branch=master
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[ci]: https://travis-ci.org/uber-go/zap
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[cov-img]: https://codecov.io/gh/uber-go/zap/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
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[cov]: https://codecov.io/gh/uber-go/zap
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[benchmarking suite]: https://github.com/uber-go/zap/tree/master/benchmarks
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[glide.lock]: https://github.com/uber-go/zap/blob/master/glide.lock
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