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TECHSPEC.md
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# Technical Definition — “Menu-Whisper” (macOS, Swift, Offline STT)
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## 0) Owner Decisions (Locked)
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- **Platform:** Apple Silicon only (M1/M2/M3), macOS 13+.
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- **STT backends:** Start with **whisper.cpp (Metal)** for simplicity; add **Core ML** backend later.
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- **Models:** Do **not** auto-download. On first run, user **chooses & downloads** a model.
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- **VAD:** Post-MVP.
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- **Insertion behavior:** Configurable; **direct insertion** is default (no preview).
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- **Default hotkey:** **⌘⇧V** (user-configurable).
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- **Punctuation:** Let the model handle punctuation automatically (no spoken commands).
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- **Privacy/Connectivity:** 100% local at runtime; model downloads only when the user explicitly requests. **No telemetry**.
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- **Distribution:** **.app/.dmg** (signed + notarized), outside the Mac App Store initially.
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- **UI languages:** **ES/EN**.
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- **Low-power mode:** Still allow downloads if the user starts them.
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- **License:** **MIT**.
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- **Per-dictation limit:** **10 minutes** by default (configurable).
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---
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## 1) Goal
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A **menu bar** app for macOS that performs **offline speech-to-text** using Whisper-family models and **inserts the transcribed text** into whichever app currently has focus. Shows a minimal **HUD** while listening and processing. No internet required during normal operation.
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---
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## 2) MVP Scope
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- Persistent **menu bar** item (NSStatusItem / `MenuBarExtra`).
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- **Global hotkey** (push-to-talk and toggle modes).
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- **HUD** (centered NSPanel + SwiftUI):
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- “Listening” with audio-level animation (RMS/peak).
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- “Processing” with a spinner/animation.
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- **Offline STT** with **whisper.cpp** (GGUF models; Metal acceleration on Apple Silicon).
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- **Model Manager**: curated list, manual download with progress + SHA256 check, user selection.
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- **Text injection**:
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- Preferred: **Clipboard + ⌘V** paste.
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- Fallback: **simulated typing** via CGEvent.
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- If **Secure Input** is active, **do not inject**; show notice and keep text on clipboard.
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- **Preferences**: hotkey & mode, model & language, insertion method, HUD styling, sounds, dictation limit.
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- **Permissions onboarding**: Microphone, Accessibility, Input Monitoring.
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---
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## 3) Functional Requirements
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### 3.1 Capture
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- Prompt for permissions on first use.
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- Global hotkey (default ⌘⇧V).
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- **Push-to-talk**: start on key down, stop on key up.
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- **Toggle**: press to start, press again to stop.
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- Per-dictation limit (default 10 min, range 10 s–30 min).
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### 3.2 HUD / UX
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- Non-activating, centered **NSPanel** (~320×160), no focus stealing.
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- **Listening**: bar-style audio visualization driven by live RMS/peak.
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- **Processing**: spinner + “Transcribing…” label.
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- **Esc** to cancel.
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- Optional start/stop sounds (user-toggleable).
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### 3.3 STT
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- Backend A (MVP): **whisper.cpp** with **GGUF** and **Metal**.
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- Language: auto-detect or forced (persisted).
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- Basic text normalization; punctuation from the model.
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- UTF-8 output; standard replacements (quotes, dashes, etc.).
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### 3.4 Injection
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- Preferred method: **NSPasteboard** + **CGEvent** to send ⌘V.
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- Fallback: **CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent** (character-by-character), respecting active keyboard layout.
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- **Secure Input**: detect with `IsSecureEventInputEnabled()`; if enabled, **do not inject**. Show a non-intrusive notice and leave the text on the clipboard.
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### 3.5 Preferences
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- **General:** hotkey + mode (push/toggle), sounds, HUD options.
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- **Models:** catalog, download, select active model, language, local storage path.
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- **Insertion:** direct vs preview (preview **off** by default), paste vs type.
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- **Advanced:** limits, performance knobs (threads/batch), **local** logs opt-in.
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---
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## 4) Non-Functional Requirements
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- **Offline** execution after models are installed.
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- **Latency target** (M1 + “small” model): < 4 s for 10 s of audio.
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- **Memory target:** ~1.5–2.5 GB with “small”.
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- **Privacy:** audio and text never leave the device.
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- **Accessibility:** sufficient contrast; VoiceOver labels; focus never stolen by HUD.
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---
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## 5) Architecture (High-Level)
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- **App (SwiftUI)** with AppKit bridges for NSStatusItem and NSPanel.
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- **Shortcut Manager** (Carbon `RegisterEventHotKey` or HotKey/MASShortcut).
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- **Audio**: AVAudioEngine (downsample to 16 kHz mono, 16-bit PCM).
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- **STT Engine**:
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- **whisper.cpp** (C/C++ via SPM/CMake) with Metal.
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- **Core ML backend** (e.g., WhisperKit / custom) in a later phase.
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- **Model Manager**: curated catalog, downloads (progress + SHA256), selection, caching.
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- **Text Injection**: pasteboard + CGEvent; typing fallback; Secure Input detection.
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- **Permissions Manager**: guided flows to System Settings panes.
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- **Settings**: UserDefaults + JSON export/import.
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- **Packaging**: .app + .dmg (signed & notarized).
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---
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## 6) Main Flow
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1. User presses global hotkey.
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2. Check permissions; guide if missing.
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3. Show HUD → **Listening**; start capture.
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4. Stop (key up/toggle/timeout).
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5. HUD → **Processing**; run STT in background.
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6. On result → (optional preview) → **insert** (paste) or **fallback** (type). If Secure Input, **do not inject**; keep in clipboard + show notice.
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7. Close HUD → **Idle**.
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---
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## 7) Finite State Machine (FSM)
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- **Idle** → (Hotkey) → **Listening**
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- **Listening** → (Stop/Timeout) → **Processing**
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- **Processing** → (Done) → **Injecting**
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- **Injecting** → (Done) → **Idle**
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- Any → (Error) → **ErrorModal** → **Idle**
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---
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## 8) Model Management (Manual Downloads)
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**Goal:** Offer a clear list of **free** Whisper-family models (names, sizes, languages, recommended backend) with one-click downloads. No automatic downloads.
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### 8.1 OpenAI Whisper (official weights)
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- Families: **tiny**, **base**, **small**, **medium**, **large-v2**, **large-v3** (multilingual; some `.en` variants).
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- Usable with **whisper.cpp** via **GGUF** (community conversions widely available).
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### 8.2 Whisper for whisper.cpp (converted GGUF)
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- Community-maintained conversions for whisper.cpp (GGUF), optimized for CPU/GPU Metal on macOS.
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### 8.3 Faster-Whisper (CTranslate2)
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- Optimized variants (tiny/base/small/medium/large-v2/large-v3). Useful if a CT2-based or Core-ML-assisted backend is added later.
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### 8.4 Distil-Whisper (distilled)
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- Distilled models (e.g., **distil-large-v2/v3/v3.5**, **distil-small.en**), significantly smaller/faster with near-large accuracy.
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> **UI must show:** model file size, languages, license, **RAM estimate**, and a warning if a large model is selected on lower-memory machines.
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**Optional JSON Schema for catalog entries (for the app’s first-run picker):**
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```json
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{
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"name": "whisper-small",
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"family": "OpenAI-Whisper",
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"format": "gguf",
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"size_mb": 466,
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"languages": ["multilingual"],
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"recommended_backend": "whisper.cpp",
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"quality_tier": "small",
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"license": "MIT",
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"sha256": "…",
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"download_url": "…",
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"notes": "Good balance of speed/accuracy on M1/M2."
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}
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```
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---
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## 9) Security & Permissions
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* **Info.plist:** `NSMicrophoneUsageDescription`.
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* **Accessibility & Input Monitoring:** required for CGEvent; provide clear step-by-step guidance and deep-links.
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* **Secure Input:** check `IsSecureEventInputEnabled()`; **never** attempt to bypass. Provide help text to identify apps that enable it (password fields, 2FA prompts, etc.).
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---
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## 10) Performance
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* Lazy-load and reuse model (warm cache).
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* Real-time downsampling to 16 kHz mono; chunked streaming into backend.
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* Configurable threads; prefer **Metal** path on Apple Silicon.
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* “Fast path” tweaks for short clips (<15 s).
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---
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## 11) Logging & Privacy
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* **No remote telemetry.**
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* Local logs **opt-in** (timings, errors only). Never store audio/text unless user explicitly enables a debug flag.
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* “Wipe local data” button (models remain unless the user removes them).
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---
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## 12) Internationalization
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* UI in **Spanish** and **English** (Localizable.strings).
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* STT multilingual; language auto or forced per user preference.
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---
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## 13) Testing (Minimum)
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* macOS 13/14/15 on M1/M2/M3.
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* Injection works in Safari, Chrome, Notes, VS Code, Terminal, iTerm2, Mail.
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* **Secure Input**: correctly detected; no injection; clipboard + notice.
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* Meet latency target with **small** model on M1.
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* Model download & selection flows (simulate network errors).
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---
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## 14) Phased Plan (AI-Deliverables)
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### Phase 0 — Scaffolding (MVP-0)
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**Goal:** Base project + menubar.
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**Deliverables:**
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* SwiftUI app with `MenuBarExtra`, microphone icon, “Idle” state.
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* `ARCHITECTURE.md` describing modules (Audio/STT/Injection/Models/Permissions/Settings).
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* Build scripts and signing/notarization templates.
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**DoD:** Compiles; menu bar item visible; SPM structure ready.
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---
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### Phase 1 — Hotkey + HUD + Audio (MVP-1)
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**Goal:** Listening UX without real STT.
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**Deliverables:**
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* Global hotkey (default ⌘⇧V) with **push** and **toggle**.
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* NSPanel HUD (Listening/Processing) + **real** RMS bars from AVAudioEngine.
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* Per-dictation limit (default 10 min).
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**DoD:** Live meter responds to mic; correct state transitions.
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---
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### Phase 2 — STT via whisper.cpp (MVP-2)
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**Goal:** Real offline transcription.
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**Deliverables:**
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* **whisper.cpp** module (C/C++), background inference with **Metal**.
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* **Model Manager** (curated list, download with SHA256, selection).
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* Language auto/forced; basic normalization.
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**DoD:** 10-second clip → coherent ES/EN text offline; meets timing targets.
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---
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### Phase 3 — Robust Insertion (MVP-3)
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**Goal:** Reliable insertion into focused app.
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**Deliverables:**
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* Paste (clipboard + ⌘V) and typing fallback.
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* **Secure Input** detection; safe behavior (no injection, clipboard + notice).
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**DoD:** Works across target apps; correct Secure Input handling.
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---
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### Phase 4 — Preferences + UX Polish (MVP-4)
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**Goal:** Complete options & stability.
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**Deliverables:**
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* Full Preferences (hotkey, modes, model, language, insertion, HUD, sounds).
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* Optional preview dialog (off by default).
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* Config export/import (JSON).
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**DoD:** All settings persist and are honored.
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---
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### Phase 5 — Distribution (MVP-5)
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**Goal:** Installable package.
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**Deliverables:**
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* Error handling; permission prompts & help (incl. Secure Input troubleshooting).
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* **.dmg** (signed + notarized) and install guide.
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* **USER\_GUIDE.md** + **TROUBLESHOOTING.md**.
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**DoD:** Clean install on test machines; distribution checklist passed.
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---
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### Phase 6 — Core ML Backend (Post-MVP)
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**Goal:** Second backend.
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**Deliverables:**
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* **Core ML** integration (e.g., WhisperKit or custom conversion).
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* Backend selector (whisper.cpp/Core ML) in Preferences; local benchmarks table.
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**DoD:** Feature parity and stability; documented pros/cons.
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---
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## 15) Mini-Prompts for the Builder AI (per Phase)
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* **P0:** “Create macOS 13+ SwiftUI menubar app (`MenuBarExtra`), microphone icon, SPM layout with modules in `ARCHITECTURE.md`.”
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* **P1:** “Add global hotkey (push & toggle) with `RegisterEventHotKey`; NSPanel HUD with RMS bars from AVAudioEngine; 10-minute dictation limit.”
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* **P2:** “Integrate **whisper.cpp** (Metal); add Model Manager (curated list, SHA256-verified downloads, selection); language auto/forced; transcribe WAV 16 kHz mono.”
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* **P3:** “Implement insertion: pasteboard+⌘V and CGEvent typing fallback; detect `IsSecureEventInputEnabled()` and avoid injection.”
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* **P4:** “Implement full Preferences, optional preview, JSON export/import; UX polish and messages.”
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* **P5:** “Signing + notarization; produce .dmg; write USER\_GUIDE and TROUBLESHOOTING (with Secure Input section).”
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* **P6:** “Add Core ML backend (WhisperKit/custom), backend selector, and local benchmarks.”
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---
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## 16) Suggested Repo Layout
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```
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MenuWhisper/
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Sources/
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App/ # SwiftUI + AppKit bridges
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Core/
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Audio/ # AVAudioEngine capture + meters
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STT/
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WhisperCPP/ # C/C++ wrapper + Metal path
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CoreML/ # post-MVP
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Models/ # catalog, downloads, hashes
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Injection/ # clipboard, CGEvent typing, secure input checks
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Permissions/
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Settings/
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Utils/
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Resources/ # icons, sounds, localizations
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Docs/ # ARCHITECTURE.md, USER_GUIDE.md, TROUBLESHOOTING.md
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Scripts/ # build, sign, notarize
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Tests/ # unit + integration
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```
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---
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## 17) Risks & Mitigations
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* **Hotkey collision (⌘⇧V)** with “Paste and Match Style” in some apps → make it discoverable & easily rebindable; warn on conflict.
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* **Secure Input** blocks injection → inform the user, keep text on clipboard, provide help to identify the app enabling it.
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* **RAM/latency** with large models → recommend **small/base** by default; show RAM/latency hints in the model picker.
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* **Keyboard layouts** → prefer paste; if typing, map using the active layout.
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---
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## 18) Global MVP Definition of Done
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* A 30–90 s dictation yields accurate ES/EN text **offline** and inserts correctly in common apps.
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* Secure Input is correctly detected and handled.
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* Model download/selection is robust and user-driven.
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* Shippable **.dmg** (signed + notarized) and clear docs included.
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